Teacher Leo S.F. Lin was interviewed by Taiwan FactCheck Center: experts in the national defense emergency manual taught you how to use it.
[Taiwan FactCheck Center on June 30th] (Reporter Chen Peihuang, ChenXiAn/Report)
A few days ago, the Ministry of National Defense published a new version of the "National Defense Emergency Manual". After the publication of the manual, it triggered media reports and discussion on political programs, including the situation that the network might be disconnected and the telephone could not be connected during wartime. However, the contents of the manual presented a lot of information such as QR Code, links between App and web pages, and provided various emergency response lines, so its practicality was questioned.
The audit center observed that some people had doubts and puzzles about the national defense emergency manual: why do you need this manual and whether the contents of the manual meet the needs of the people? The audit center interviewed national defense military scholars and civil defense experts and compiled relevant information for the public's reference.
Q1: What is the national defense emergency manual?
The contents of the national defense emergency manual for the whole people are 48 pages, which are divided into two parts:
The first part is "peacetime preparation", which includes emergency evacuation preparation, air defense warning notes and sound recognition, understanding important places around, and mastering correct information.
The second part is "wartime response", which includes possible situations in wartime, identification of friend or foe, emergency evacuation and refuge, how to survive on the battlefield, how to deal with communication interruption, medical emergency in wartime, how to deal with battlefield crisis, people's response to various disasters and emergency hotline.
The manual is accompanied by a list of suggestions for emergency shelter packages and a self-made emergency shelter map template.
Q2: Why do you want to issue a national defense emergency manual?
SU,TZU-YUN, director of the National Defense Strategy and Resources Research Institute of the National Defense Security Research Institute, said that many countries, including Switzerland, Finland, Norway and so on, have issued a national defense emergency manual similar to that published by Taiwan Province's Ministry of National Defense, mainly focusing on how people should take refuge and defend themselves in case of disaster or war, and the government's measures to deal with emergencies.
Lin Shaofan, an assistant professor inthe Department of Criminal Justice of Ming Chuan University, explained that war is sometimes like an earthquake, and I don't know when it will happen. The purpose of the national defense emergency manual is to encourage people to prepare in advance and help them have the basic ability to survive, help themselves and save themselves in the face of various disasters caused by war.
Q3: How do people use the national defense emergency manual? What should I do at ordinary times?
Lin Shaofan said that through the emergency manual, people can learn the concept of civil defense and basic survival skills in peacetime, including the identification of air defense alarms and the introduction related to emergency evacuation in the national defense emergency manual; It is also suggested to pay attention to emergency shelters, hospitals and shopping malls where people's livelihood materials can be obtained near homes, schools or offices. In addition to the national defense contingency manual, you can also consult the "National Defense Manual" compiled by county and municipal governments according to local conditions to get more local information.
Lin Shaofan said that the "Emergency Shelter Preparation" in the "National Defense Contingency Manual" provides guidelines. For individuals, they should prepare emergency shelter packages and personal necessities; As far as the family level is concerned, the elderly, children and even pets at home have different care needs, and relevant materials need to be prepared first. In addition, you can discuss with your relatives and friends the emergency meeting place and how to contact each other if the communication equipment is interrupted.
Lin Shaofan also said that people should seize the opportunity of the Wan 'an exercise in July, take a good look at their living environment, and work out a contingency plan for the crisis.
SHEN,MING-SHIH, director of the National Security Research Institute of the National Defense Security Research Institute, said that people can usually prepare for emergencies through the national defense emergency manual. First, you can prepare emergency packages first in normal times; Second, discuss with relatives and friends how to deal with the loss of contact and separation; Third, learn to judge the situation in order to protect yourself.
SHAN,HSIN-YU, an associate professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Yangming Jiaotong University, pointed out that people can make preparations first in peacetime. The first point is that, like other disaster preparedness, they should have basic water, grain and medicine at home. The second point is first aid training, learning the knowledge of self-help and mutual rescue when injured, learning to use CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation), AED (Automatic Extracorporeal Cardiac Shock Defibrillator) and preparing first aid kits.
The third point, SHAN,HSIN-YU said, is to collect more information about war, to understand the different types of war response and the possible impact of bombing. The fourth point is to ensure the source of real-time information, such as using the disaster prevention App of county and city governments, and knowing the location of shelters, police stations and fire stations near home.
Military expert CHI,LE-I suggested that when people use the national defense emergency manual, they can combine the existing civil defense drills and be familiar with how to establish contact with neighborhood leaders in the shortest time when the situation occurs, and go to shelters near their homes.
Q4: What are the experts' suggestions on the wartime use of the 2023 edition of the National Defense Emergency Manual?
Experts agree that the national defense emergency manual is necessary. For the contents of the 2023 edition manual, experts put forward many suggestions for wartime use, and the verification center arranged them as follows:
(1) A simple booklet should be made for wartime use.
CHEN,KUO-MING, interview director of Global Defense Magazine, suggested that due to the great possibility of network interruption during wartime, the national defense emergency manual should be made into a simple booklet, which should be placed in the neighborhood district office of Taiwan and can be obtained at any time when people need it.
CHI,LE-I pointed out that the national defense emergency manual should be streamlined into something that the people can operate. When a war breaks out, there may be water shortage, power failure and communication interruption immediately. How can people find information to solve the problem in the manual in the shortest time? Therefore, it is impossible for the manual to be an encyclopedia with dozens of pages, and the content cannot be to explain the principles, but to explain it clearly in a few pages and a short space.
CHI,LE-I said that the number of pages in the manual should be simplified so that people can immediately find the available resources in the neighborhood near their homes in wartime, such as where to take refuge in an emergency and the main contacts in the neighborhood; It's best to attach a simple map to avoid the failure of the mobile phone in case of communication interruption in wartime.
LIN,YING-YU, an assistant professor at the Institute of International Affairs and Strategy of Tamkang University, pointed out that the national defense emergency manual can't cover all the mountains and seas, and it is difficult to read and absorb it in a short time. It is suggested that people can absorb it quickly by making short films.
(2) the different stages of the war and the response to the situation
SHAN,HSIN-YU said that the description of the "war" type in the national defense emergency manual is very limited. On page 24, it describes eight possible situations during the war, but it does not clearly tell the people what information they can use when they encounter the stages. In fact, we should have a basic idea of the development of the war, and then explain the actions of disaster prevention and rescue under different conditions.
CHIEH,CHUNG, an associate researcher at the National Policy Research Foundation, pointed out that the national defense emergency manual should list out the ways to deal with the most urgent situations that may be encountered in wartime within a limited space, and the manual should focus on highlighting how people should deal with extreme situations, especially when local government functions are completely lost. At present, the manual version shows too little information.
(3) Consider the interruption of communication in wartime.
CHIEH,CHUNG said that communication may be interrupted in wartime, and the related resources provided by the manual that need to be viewed on the Internet cannot be used; The manual "What to do when water is cut off" provides people with QR Code to inquire about the websites of local water supply units. This kind of information is not enough in wartime. It should provide people with more details about what tools and methods they should use to obtain and DIY clean water if they can't get tap water.
(D) the establishment of the manual practical operation mechanism
Lin Shaofan explained that the situation in each county and city is different, and the actual needs of the people to prevent war disasters may also be different. Moreover, in the national disaster prevention and rescue work, the central government is responsible for coordinating, supporting and injecting necessary resources, and the local governments are responsible for actually implementing various disaster prevention work. Therefore, after the national defense emergency manual has constructed a general direction and framework, it is also necessary for county and municipal governments to formulate emergency information that is more in line with the needs of local people according to local conditions.
Lin Shaofan, for example, the national defense handbook published by Yunlin County in 2022 lists in detail the information of important locations such as shelters and temporary water intake stations in each township neighborhood. Although it has not been updated to the 2023 edition, it can still be used for reference in peacetime preparation. I also hope that the "National Defense Handbook" of the county and city governments can be updated as soon as possible, so that people can grasp the latest and most direct emergency information.
SHAN,HSIN-YU said that it seems that the plans, mechanisms and procedures in the manual have not been established, and it is uncertain whether they have been coordinated by the inter-ministerial meeting or not, and the local government has no relevant supporting measures. For example, it is written in the manual that the local government plans to set up distribution stations for essential goods, but it is necessary to establish practical operation mechanisms such as warehousing, dispatching, logistics and distribution.
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